Gtins - Technically, there is no difference between a GTIN vs UPC because they are one and the same. Likewise, UPC, EAN, and ISBN are all GTINs. That’s because a GTIN is the number encoded into either a UPC, EAN, or ISBN barcode. There are three types of GTINs: GTIN-12 (UPC), GTIN-13 (EAN), and an ISBN. Although each serves different purposes, each ...

 
Like all other GS1 Identification Keys such as GTINs, GLNs have no meaning and should always be used in their entirety within companies’ systems. No user should ever attempt to parse the number into its components to reveal any meaning, because it is designed to be used as a reference point and not as a miniature database.. Globotv

12-14 hours. $525. OVERVIEW. The amount of investment of time and money for training is typically dependent on the magnitude of a company’s expected use of GTINs and UPC barcodes. For licenses of prefixes for 10 and 100 GTINs, the “Assign GTINs to Your Products Like a Pro” and “Which GS1 Barcode is Right For You” are ideal …3 sizes x 3 colors = 9 barcodes. If you make a t-shirt, but that shirt comes in three sizes (small, medium, large) and three colors (blue, pink, purple), you need to identify 9 product variations. 3 sizes x 3 colors x 3 styles = 27 barcodes. If they also come in 3 styles, you'll need 27 barcodes. 3 sizes x 3 colors x 3 styles x 3 packages = 81 ...GTINs are essential for international trade as they facilitate smooth transactions, enable accurate product identification, and ensure compliance with country-specific regulations. UPCs, specifically in North America, support seamless retail operations and enable goods to be easily scanned and processed at checkout.Learn what GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) is, how it is used in barcodes and other data carriers, and the five types of data structures (UPC, EAN, ITF-14, GS1-128, and GS1 Databar) that support it. Find out the …Pack/case quantity | GTIN Management | GS1 - The global language of business. 8. Pack/case quantity. A change to the number of trade items in a case or a change to the quantity of cases in a pre-defined pallet configuration requires assignment of a new GTIN. Technically, there is no difference between a GTIN vs UPC because they are one and the same. Likewise, UPC, EAN, and ISBN are all GTINs. That’s because a GTIN is the number encoded into either a UPC, EAN, or ISBN barcode. There are three types of GTINs: GTIN-12 (UPC), GTIN-13 (EAN), and an ISBN. Although each serves different purposes, each ... Both will cost you time and money! Uniquely identify your brand and your barcodes with a GS1 Company Prefix or a GS1 US GTIN and invest in the future of your business. A GS1 Company Prefix will allow you to license a block of barcodes at one time, whereas GS1 US GTIN is a single barcode. Get a single GS1 US GTIN.Scanning GTINs during receiving, storage, and order fulfillment processes allows for real-time tracking of stock levels and helps prevent running out or overstocking. This is especially important for people who are selling across platforms. UPC and GTIN codes are two sides of the same coin, but they each have their own roles to play.3 sizes x 3 colors = 9 barcodes. If you make a t-shirt, but that shirt comes in three sizes (small, medium, large) and three colors (blue, pink, purple), you need to identify 9 product variations. 3 sizes x 3 colors x 3 styles = 27 barcodes. If they also come in 3 styles, you'll need 27 barcodes. 3 sizes x 3 colors x 3 styles x 3 packages = 81 ...The number of GTINs you can create depends upon the length of your Company Prefix - the shorter your prefix the more unique items you can identify from that licenced prefix. In Ireland Company Prefixes are available as 7, 9 or 11 digits enabling an organisation to identify 100,000, 1,000 or 10 products [email protected] Mobile: 0431 813 539. Angela Stevens. Head of Claims Claims [email protected] Mobile: 0412 884 535. Costa Dimit. National Claims, Manager [email protected] …My Numberbank enables you to assign GS1 Keys such as Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and product data in one place. My Numberbank also allows you to create and manage other GSl numbers, like Global Location Numbers (GLNs) and GTIN-14s. You can also create barcodes for your products and packaging.GT Documents & Policy Wordings. We have created an up-to-date library of all our current Policy information and documents to ensure that the complete details of your Policy are always close at hand. If you have any questions regarding the … A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a number that uniquely identifies a product. You see them beneath the barcodes on almost every product in the world. Which is why they’re often called ‘barcode numbers’. In the UK and Europe they’re usually 13 digits long, in the US 12. You might see shorter 8 digit numbers, used on smaller products. A GTIN is a GS1 identification key that is used to identify a trade item which could be a product that you may sell or a service that you may offer in an online listing or in a brick-and-mortar store. It is a globally unique …GTINとは. GTINはGS1標準の商品識別コードの総称であり、具体的には下記の4つの種類があります。. 個々の商品識別コードを指すときには、GTINの後ろにハイフン(-)とコードの桁数をつけて表します。. 13桁のJANコード標準タイプであれば、GTIN-13と表します ...What is a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)? GS1 barcodes/GTINs are necessary for most online and traditional retailers including Amazon, eBay, Alibaba, …The Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) is the globally unique GS1 Identification Key used to identify trade items and one of the main building blocks of the GS1 System. … What is a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)? The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is used in barcodes providing a unique identifier for products. There are two main types of GTINs: 1) the Unique Product Code (UPC) used in North America, and 2) the European Article Number (EAN) used in the rest of the world. In fact, the UPC was the original number ... Temnhan24h.com đã đưa ra cho các bạn thông tin về mã GTIN chuyên dụng sử dụng cho các trang thương mại điện tử. Các bạn cần hỗ trợ gì có thể liên hệ với Hotline của chúng tôi ngay để được hỗ trợ. Hotline: 0355 659 353. Tham khảo thêm các sản phẩm giấy in mã vạch và mực ...If your source file doesn’t contain GTINs. You don't need to worry if your source file doesn’t contain GTINs. Then you should provide it using ‘look-up table’ functionality in DataFeedWatch solution. Use a csv file, or Google Spreadsheet; Fill in 2 columns: The 1st column should contain an attribute that could be used for item ...Each product that you list to a marketplace should have a unique product identifier, such as a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN). If you sell products that don't have GTINs, such as private label goods, then you need to apply for an exemption from the marketplace. GS1 defines trade items as "products or services that are priced, ordered, or ...With this check digit calculator, you can confirm the integrity of a barcode. Whether you're trying to determine the last digit of the GTIN code or simply ensuring you didn't make a typo, all you need to do is spend a few seconds copying the code into our calculator. This barcode check digit calculator works for 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18-digit GTIN ...Post. Download & print the relevant claim form, then send your completed form by mail to: GT INSURANCE CLAIMS, PO Box 1937, North Sydney NSW 2059. Once your completed claim form is received, we’ll advise you of your Claim Number, when an assessor has been appointed and any further information we may require. Non-Consumable GTINs. There are two types of Non-Consumable GTINs (aka Non-Sellable GTINs) that are only used for higher-level packaging. These should never be used for a selling unit: GTIN-14 (Code128) GTIN-14 (ITF-14) Obtaining a Company Prefix. GS1 Company Prefixes vary in length. The number of digits support the number of GTINs that will be ... GTIN-12 and UPC: The GTIN-12 are 12-digit unique identifying codes for products. It’s used primarily in the US and Canada. GTIN-13 and EAN: This is the equivalent of the GTIN-12 and UPC for everywhere that isn’t the United States or Canada. Instead, it uses a 13-digit identifying code, and EAN stands for the European Article Number.My Numberbank enables you to assign GS1 Keys such as Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and product data in one place. My Numberbank also allows you to create and manage other GSl numbers, like Global Location Numbers (GLNs) and GTIN-14s. You can also create barcodes for your products and packaging.UPC Barcodes, GTINs, and GLNs are like fingerprints for your products and locations, giving everyone confidence that your products and locations are uniquely identified …If your source file doesn’t contain GTINs. You don't need to worry if your source file doesn’t contain GTINs. Then you should provide it using ‘look-up table’ functionality in DataFeedWatch solution. Use a csv file, or Google Spreadsheet; Fill in 2 columns: The 1st column should contain an attribute that could be used for item ... For a product that has a UPC and an ISBN-13, submit the GTIN [gtin] attribute twice, once for each value. For a product with only an SBN (9 digits, used in Great Britain until 1974), convert it to an ISBN-10 by adding a 0 in front. For example, to convert 123456789, submit 0123456789. Google Shopping. We all know that Google considers its inner workings to be a trade secret and keeps them from the public. However, when Google started using GTINs for branded products with product condition “new”, they also shared a reported increase of clicks by 40% for merchants who use GTINs as a product attribute in their feed.. This …GTIN stands for Global Trade Identification Number (GTIN) and is an internationally recognized system developed by GS1to identify products in the global …1. Algopix is an online GTIN lookup tool. It has a conversion feature for unique product identifiers from one into another format, like their UPC to GTIN …The four different types of GTIN in use are: GTIN-8 - used mostly for EAN-8 barcodes. GTIN-12 - used mostly for UPC barcodes. GTIN-13 - used mostly for ISBN, JAN, and …AFCA provides a free and independent dispute resolution service for parties who have general insurance disputes falling within its rules. Their contact details are: The Australian Financial Complaints Authority. Phone: 1800 931 678. Post: GPO Box 3, Melbourne, Victoria 3001. Website: www.afca.org.au. Email: [email protected] combine a company prefix, item reference, and a calculated check digit. UPC (in North America / GTIN-12): 12-digit number like 323456789012; 8-digit UPC-E codes should be converted to 12-digit codes. EAN (in Europe / GTIN-13): 13-digit number like 3001234567892. JAN (in Japan / GTIN-13): 8 or 13-digit numbers like 49123456 or …Without accurate GTINs, it becomes difficult to distinguish genuine products from counterfeit ones, leading to potential legal and financial consequences. Solution. Utilize GTIN number to create a secure foundation for product identification. Additionally, implement anti-counterfeiting measures like holograms, QR codes, or NFC tags linked to …GTINs are global trade item numbers, a type of identifier for products and services. Learn how to use, pronounce, and write GTINs in different languages and scripts on Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Go to Location. GS1 US. Email: [email protected]. Phone: + 1 937 435 3870. 08628. Ewing Township. United States. GS1 Check Digit Calculator can calculate the last digit of a barcode number, making sure the barcode is correctly composed.GTIN stands for Global Trade Item Number and refers to all levels of packing that could be purchased and maintained in an inventory system. A GTIN is the number that is used to identify something that can be purchased, sold or put into inventory. This includes individual items which can be purchased by a consumer, as well as cases of items ... Powering Progress since 1996. Fully backed by Allianz Australia Insurance Limited, GT Insurance and AM&T (Allianz Marine & Transit) have come together to provide a more diverse underwriting agency now spanning the motor, machinery, marine . and transit sectors. GT Insurance may be broader in coverage, yet we remain focused on understanding the ... Whether you’re selling your products in store or online, you’ll need a specific number to identify your product. This is a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) – the number you see under a barcode – also known as an EAN or UPC. GS1 standards give them a global language to help you do business internationally.This includes both types of GTINs that Amazon accepts– a GTIN-14, or a 14-digit GTIN, which is used for outer cases such as multiple packs of the same product, and a GTIN-12, a 12-digit GTIN, which would be accepted in Amazon’s system as a U.P.C. A 13-digit GTIN signifies an EAN (European Article Number), which is a barcode symbol used ... In the early 2000s retailers had to make accommodations to their original database structures to accept GTINs and the full 14-digit data string. Since the original UPC-A was only 12-digits, this resulted in a massive undertaking but the open door for GTIN data structures to be globally accepted. Barcodes and the GTIN GTIN Management. The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) Management Standard is designed to help industry make consistent decisions about the unique identification of trade items in open supply chains. Download the GTIN Management Standard document or navigate it online below. Find a GTIN. A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a unique and internationally recognised identifier for a product. When a GTIN is available, it will appear next to the barcode on your product's packaging or book cover. Submit GTINs in your product data using the GTIN [gtin] attribute to help us classify and display your products. Common unique product identifiers include Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs), Manufacturer Part Numbers (MPNs) and brand names. Not all products have unique product identifiers. However, if your product does have one, especially a GTIN, providing it can help make your ads and listings richer and easier for customers to find.Commercial/Fleet Insurance. Providing cover for accidental loss or damage to your vehicle and your liability to pay for any property damage or injury caused by your vehicle (other than injury covered by a CTP Policy), our Commercial/Fleet Insurance comes with a range of standard features and optional benefits. Our Commercial/Fleet Policy has ... Se nedenfor hvad du skal gøre, når du har modtaget dit virksomhedspræfiks på mellem dine 7 og 11 cifre fra GS1 Denmark, og skal lave dem om til stregkoder. Først skal du danne de GTIN-produktnumre, som stregkoden skal indeholde: Med 7 cifre kan du danne 100.000 stk. GTIN-produktnumre. Med 8 cifre kan du danne 10.000 stk. GTIN-produktnumre. Reason number 2: Increase the number of impressions and conversions. Adding GTINs results in significantly more impressions. In the initial case study by Google, it quotes up to 40% more impressions after adding GTIN numbers (also validated by results for a group of Search Engine Land’s clients). But, better yet, Google claims that adding ...GTIN-12 and UPC: The GTIN-12 are 12-digit unique identifying codes for products. It’s used primarily in the US and Canada. GTIN-13 and EAN: This is the equivalent of the GTIN-12 and UPC for everywhere that isn’t the United States or Canada. Instead, it uses a 13-digit identifying code, and EAN stands for the European Article Number.GTIN stands for Global Trade Item Number and refers to all levels of packing that could be purchased and maintained in an inventory system. A GTIN is the number that is used to identify something that can be purchased, sold or put into inventory. This includes individual items which can be purchased by a consumer, as well as cases of items [email protected]. Mobile: 0432 509 988. We’re proud to be 100% backed by Allianz Australia Insurance Limited. Claims. News & Events. Contact GT. Insurance products are issued by Global Transport & Automotive Insurance Solutions Pty Ltd trading as GT Insurance ABN 93 069 048 255 AFS Licence No 240714 as agent for the Insurer ...The four different types of GTIN in use are: GTIN-8 - used mostly for EAN-8 barcodes. GTIN-12 - used mostly for UPC barcodes. GTIN-13 - used mostly for ISBN, JAN, and …Common unique product identifiers include Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs), Manufacturer Part Numbers (MPNs) and brand names. Not all products have unique product identifiers. However, if your product does have one, especially a GTIN, providing it can help make your ads and listings richer and easier for customers to find. 05054511743012. Over 1 million GTINs, find information such as title, images, brand, where to buy and much more. Los códigos GTIN (Global Trade Identification Number o Número Global de Identificación de Artículo) son numeraciones únicas, universales y no ambiguas, que identifican artículos comerciales. GS1 define artículos comerciales como productos o servicios que disponen de un precio, se pueden facturar y adquirir en cualquier punto de la cadena ... Der Standard zum Management von GTINs (Global Trade Item Number) wurde zur Unterstützung der Industrie entwickelt, damit konsistente Entscheidungen für die eindeutige Identifikation von Handelseinheiten in offenen Lieferketten getroffen werden können. Die GTIN bietet eine globale Lösung für die Wertschöpfungskette, indem jede ... Purchasing GTINs with GS1. It is important to always purchase your GTINs from a reputable source, we recommend purchasing directly from GS1. To get barcodes for your business you’ll first need to join GS1. By becoming a member you obtain the licence for a unique range of barcode numbers. You also gain access to support, training and more.Use the ISBN-13 of a book as the value for the GTIN [gtin] attribute. For a product that has a UPC and an ISBN-13, submit the GTIN [gtin] attribute twice, once for each value. For a product with only an SBN (9 digits, used in Great Britain until 1974), convert it to an ISBN-10 by adding a 0 in front. For example, to convert "123456789", submit ...GTINs are the device identifier portions of the UDIs. Each device is assigned a GTIN, just as each device is assigned a catalog number, and that GTIN will appear in a barcode on its packaging down to the unit of use level. Global Location Numbers (GLNs). Each manufacturer will have its own GLN which provides shipping and invoicing accuracy.The number of GTINs you can create depends upon the length of your Company Prefix - the shorter your prefix the more unique items you can identify from that licenced prefix. In Ireland Company Prefixes are available as 7, 9 or 11 digits enabling an organisation to identify 100,000, 1,000 or 10 products respectively. GTIN Management. The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) Management Standard is designed to help industry make consistent decisions about the unique identification of trade items in open supply chains. Download the GTIN Management Standard document or navigate it online below. Understand how to uniquely identify your products for global in-store and online sale. Salil discusses the difference between a GTIN and a barcode. http://ow...It doesn’t matter. If you’re a GS1 UK member you’ll get a company prefix that enables you to create 13 digit identifiers – GTINs - that are used in EAN barcodes. But 12 digit GTINs and 13 digit GTINs, which are represented by UPC and EAN barcodes, are both part of the global GS1 System so both will be suitable for your products.GTINs are necessary to add with Amazon listings for most product categories. Whether creating a new product page or offering an existing listing, a seller needs to link their products with globally recognized product IDs. You can use any GTIN (UPC, EAN, ISBN, and JAN) to have standardized product identification for your listing items.Pack/case quantity | GTIN Management | GS1 - The global language of business. 8. Pack/case quantity. A change to the number of trade items in a case or a change to the quantity of cases in a pre-defined pallet configuration requires assignment of a new GTIN.Email: [email protected]. Phone: 1-937-435-3870 (Weekdays, 8 AM to 6 PM ET) 1WorldSync Customer Support. Email: [email protected]. Phone: 1-866-280-4013 (Weekdays, 8 AM 8 PM ET) Learn more about GTINs and barcodes, how to get them from GS1, what they mean in item hierarchies, how they determine pack sizes, tips to avoid …Pricing breakdown of 10 single GTINs vs. Company Prefix. The decision becomes unclear when brands have somewhere between 10 and 100 products. Let’s say you have 15 products, the decision is to either buy 15 individual GTINs for $450 or buy a Prefix with 100 GTIN licenses for $750 (plus an annual renewal fee of $150).This includes both types of GTINs that Amazon accepts– a GTIN-14, or a 14-digit GTIN, which is used for outer cases such as multiple packs of the same product, and a GTIN-12, a 12-digit GTIN, which would be accepted in Amazon’s system as a U.P.C. A 13-digit GTIN signifies an EAN (European Article Number), which is a barcode symbol used ...To meet these needs, this document further illustrates examples of how to manage GTINs for parties involved in maintenance, repair, upgrade, reuse, and recycling of construction products. This document is designed to help industry make consistent decisions about the unique identification of construction products in open supply chains and to …My Numberbank is the official GS1 UK database which enables you to assign Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and product data in one place. My Numberbank also allows you to create and manage other GS1 numbers, like Global Location Numbers (GLNs) and GTIN-14s. And you can also create barcodes for your products and packaging. GTINとは. GTINはGS1標準の商品識別コードの総称であり、具体的には下記の4つの種類があります。. 個々の商品識別コードを指すときには、GTINの後ろにハイフン(-)とコードの桁数をつけて表します。. 13桁のJANコード標準タイプであれば、GTIN-13と表します ... GTIN Download. Please select the appropriate Operating Company by clicking on the link below: Acclarent. Anspach (Power Tools) Biosense Webster. Cerenovus. CMF. Ethicon. Mentor.GTINs are more than just numbers – they are the backbone of product identity in the digital world. Adding them to your Shopify store opens doors to wider market access, accurate inventory control, and ultimately, a smoother shopping experience for your customers.We’ve found that providing GTINs in your product data feed increases the likelihood that your offers are matched to the Google Shopping product catalog. This helps us surface relevant, accurate results on Google Shopping; in fact, early experiments indicate that offers matched to the catalog receive up to 40% more user clicks than … GTINs, or Global Trade Item Numbers, are essential for identifying your products. In short, a GTIN is a numerical barcode and is found on a product, next to the barcode itself. Most marketplaces will require you to add a GTIN in order to list your product. Read on to learn more about GTINs, how there is now a more accessible option for ... UPC Barcodes, GTINs, and GLNs are like fingerprints for your products and locations, giving everyone confidence that your products and locations are uniquely identified …Insurance products are issued by Global Transport & Automotive Insurance Solutions Pty Ltd trading as GT Insurance ABN 93 069 048 255 AFS Licence No 240714 as agent for the Insurer Allianz Australia Insurance Limited ABN 15 000 122 850 AFS Licence No 234708.The Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) is the globally unique GS1 Identification Key used to identify trade items and one of the main building blocks of the GS1 System. …These GTINs are generated through Datakart – a single repository for data of all the products in India, enabling online generation of GTINs and management of products information. If you are selling your products on an e-commerce sites like Amazon, then you will have to request GS1 India for the allocation of GTINs.GTIN Management. The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) Management Standard is designed to help industry make consistent decisions about the unique identification of …

For a product that has a UPC and an ISBN-13, submit the GTIN [gtin] attribute twice, once for each value. For a product with only an SBN (9 digits, used in Great Britain until 1974), convert it to an ISBN-10 by adding a 0 in front. For example, to convert 123456789, submit 0123456789. . Beswift

gtins

Dec 17, 2020 · Many also specifically list GTINs in their seller guidelines as a requirement to ensure consistent product identity and inventory management. Properly constructed GTINs originate from GS1 US. There are two options for obtaining authentic GTINs: 1) For small businesses, the best option may be to license individual GS1 US GTINs for $30 each. If you'd like more information or assistance getting started, your local GS1 office has experts ready to work with your company. Contact your local GS1 Office. Search, look up and verify information about any barcode number (GTIN, UPC, EAN), location (GLN), company or other GS1 key (SSCC).Use the ISBN-13 of a book as the value for the GTIN [gtin] attribute. For a product that has a UPC and an ISBN-13, submit the GTIN [gtin] attribute twice, once for each value. For a product with only an SBN (9 digits, used in Great Britain until 1974), convert it to an ISBN-10 by adding a 0 in front. For example, to convert "123456789", submit ...Go to Location. GS1 US. Email: [email protected]. Phone: + 1 937 435 3870. 08628. Ewing Township. United States. GS1 Check Digit Calculator can calculate the last digit of a barcode number, making sure the barcode is correctly composed.In the early 2000s retailers had to make accommodations to their original database structures to accept GTINs and the full 14-digit data string. Since the original UPC-A was only 12-digits, this resulted in a massive undertaking but the open door for GTIN data structures to be globally accepted. Barcodes and the GTINWe Are Here To Help! As the US Barcode Authority, our support representatives assist hundred of new companies every day. Please feel free to contact us at 800-662-0701 or use the chat button below. We understand GS1 standards can be confusing. GTIN FAQs - frequently asked questions about GTINs.Taxi, Hire Vehicle, Limousine or Rideshare Vehicles. Please complete this claim form in full and return to your Insurance broker, Agent or return to GT Insurance at: Email: [email protected] Fax: (02) 9966 8840 Mail: PO Box 1937, North Sydney NSW 2059 You must report to us an accident or incident as soon as possible after its happening.Pricing breakdown of 10 single GTINs vs. Company Prefix. The decision becomes unclear when brands have somewhere between 10 and 100 products. Let’s say you have 15 products, the decision is to either buy 15 individual GTINs for $450 or buy a Prefix with 100 GTIN licenses for $750 (plus an annual renewal fee of $150). In the early 2000s retailers had to make accommodations to their original database structures to accept GTINs and the full 14-digit data string. Since the original UPC-A was only 12-digits, this resulted in a massive undertaking but the open door for GTIN data structures to be globally accepted. Barcodes and the GTIN Find a GTIN. A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a unique and internationally recognized identifier for a product. When a GTIN is available, it will appear next to the barcode on your product's packaging or book cover. Submit GTINs in your product data using the GTIN [gtin] attribute to help us classify and display your products. Technically, there is no difference between a GTIN vs UPC because they are one and the same. Likewise, UPC, EAN, and ISBN are all GTINs. That’s because a GTIN is the number encoded into either a UPC, EAN, or ISBN barcode. There are three types of GTINs: GTIN-12 (UPC), GTIN-13 (EAN), and an ISBN. Although each serves different purposes, each ... Post. Download & print the relevant claim form, then send your completed form by mail to: GT INSURANCE CLAIMS, PO Box 1937, North Sydney NSW 2059. Once your completed claim form is received, we’ll advise you of your Claim Number, when an assessor has been appointed and any further information we may require..

Popular Topics